One case which affects the size of MSDB, is the backup history. Every time a database backup/restore operation takes place in SQL Server, the relevant information is kept into certain system tables in the MSDB database.
SQL Server stores database backup and restoration information into the following tables that exist in the MSDB database:
- backupfile
- backupfilegroup
- restorefile
- restorefilegroup
- restorehistory
- backupset
Let's examine an example for better understanding the process.
In this example I am using a database in SQL Server 2008 called "DEMODB2008". To this end, I performed some backup and restore operations for allowing us to check out the data stored in MSDB.
The following queries retrieve information regarding the backup and restore operations that took place on the specific database:
-- This query returns information about the backup set
SELECT * FROM msdb.dbo.backupset
WHERE [database_name]='DEMODB2008'
-- This query returns information about the backup files including
-- the logical and physical file names, drive, etc.
SELECT bf.*
FROM msdb.dbo.backupfile bf
INNER JOIN msdb.dbo.backupset bs
ON bf.[backup_set_id]=bs.[backup_set_id]
AND bs.[database_name]='DEMODB2008'
-- This query returns information about the filegroups that were backed up.
SELECT bg.*
FROM msdb.dbo.backupfilegroup bg
INNER JOIN msdb.dbo.backupset bs
ON bg.[backup_set_id]=bs.[backup_set_id]
AND bs.[database_name]='DEMODB2008'
-- This query returns information about when a database was restored.
SELECT * FROM msdb.dbo.restorehistory
WHERE [destination_database_name]='DEMODB2008'
-- This query returns information about the physical files involved in the restoration process.
SELECT rf.*
FROM msdb.dbo.restorefile rf
INNER JOIN msdb.dbo.restorehistory rh
ON rf.[restore_history_id]=rh.[restore_history_id]
AND rh.[destination_database_name]='DEMODB2008'
-- This query returns information about the restored filegroups.
SELECT rg.* FROM msdb.dbo.restorefilegroup rg
INNER JOIN msdb.dbo.restorehistory rh
ON rg.[restore_history_id]=rh.[restore_history_id]
AND rh.[destination_database_name]='DEMODB2008'
In the case where the MSDB database is huge you can try removing any unnecessary backup and restore history logs.
Instead of manually deleting these logs from the above tables, you can use a SQL Server system stored procedure instead.
This stored procedure is called "sp_delete_backuphistory" and exists in the MSDB system database.
The usage for the above stored procedure is:
sp_delete_backuphistory [ @oldest_date = ] 'oldest_date'
Example:
exec msdb.dbo.sp_delete_backuphistory '2009-01-01'
The above command will clean up the backup and restore history logs up to 01/01/2009.
For more information you can visit SQL Server Books Online.
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